This article reviews the main literature data published between April 2021 and March 2022 in the field of microbiota in diabetes. During the last year the microbial signature that separated type 1 diabetes patients from healthy subjects was determined as a potential early diagnostic sign. Moreover, the core gut microbial features, that could be associated with T2D risk, was identified by using Interpretable Machine learning framework with large-scale human cohort studies. In addition, the effect of prolonged use of antibiotics on perturbation of gut microbiota and gut permeability was noted as possible mechanism by which antibiotics potentially could lead to diabetes. Furthermore, importance of dietary fibers and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) for prognosis of type 2 diabetes was evaluated. The results revealed that plant extracts could help to alleviate the gut microbiota composition alterations associated with T2D by increasing the abundance of beneficial and particularly SCFAs-producing bacteria.