The Integrative Medicine Research Group (IMRG) presents here a new conference scene on the role of gut microbiota in complementary and integrative medicine. The history of microbes in human dates back to the beginning of time; however, the first visual demonstration of a microorganism occurred in 1674. In fact, no one at that time would have ever imagined that microorganisms are crucial for our life and survival. Today we know that microorganisms interact with our body and are called microbiota. Their genome expression is called microbiome. Recently, thanks to extensive research regarding human microbiota in health and diseases, new medical and laboratory technologies have played a crucial role in understanding more complex biological pathways between human cells and microbes. The aim of this conference was to explain the relationship between the human gut and its microbiota in the complex scenario of complementary and integrative medicine.